Deepak Info’s Chemical Substance Index

Material	HDPE - high density polyethylene
	HDPE is the high density version of PE plastic. It is harder, stronger and a little heavier than LDPE, but less ductile. Dishwasher safe. HDPE is lighter than water, and can be moulded, machined, and joined together using welding (difficult to glue). The appearance is wax-like, lustreless and opaque. The use of UV-stabilizators (carbon black) improves its weather resistance but turns it black. Some types can be used in contact with food.
Danish Name	HDPE - høj massefylde polyethylen
Category	Plastics, Thermoplastics
Products	Milestone Bottle for motor oil Bottle for organic solvents Street bollard Hedge cutter Gasoline tank Milk bottles Plastic bag (stiff type that crackles) Children's toys Lid for honey pot Beer crate Dolphin bicycle trailer
Processes	Plastic moulding Plastic injection moulding Extrusion Film blowing Blow moulding
Similar materials	PP and many other plastics
Price	Low cost plastic
Environmen- tal notes	Creation: Production of 1 kg of HDPE requires the equivalent of about 1 3/4 kg of oil (raw material and energy). Use: - Disposal: Used PE plastic can be recycled through remelting although there is a quality loss. Incineration is straightforward and comparable to oil, since PE only consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms. In an incineration plant only water and carbon dioxide are produced. However common additives like UV-stabilizators (e.g. carbon black), dyeing agents and fire protectors can produce other waste products. Heating value is equivalent to 3/4 kg of oil.
Additional Info	HDPE is highly resistant to many acids, alcalis and solvents.

Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
Density	1380 kg/m^3
Young's modulus(E)	2900-3400 MPa
Tensile strength(σt)	50-80 MPa
Elongation @ break	20-40%
notch test	2-5 kJ/m^2
Glass temperature	87°C
melting point	212°C
Vicat B^1	85°C
heat transfer coefficient (λ)	0.16 W/m.K
linear expansion coefficient (α)	8 10^-5 /K
Specific heat (c)	0.9 kJ/kg.K
Water absorption (ASTM)	0.04-0.4

Trichloroethylene

Trichloroethylene is also known as Triclene and Vitran and by other trade names in industry. It is a nonflammable, colorless liquid at room temperature with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet, burning taste. Trichloroethylene is now mainly used as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts. It is also used as a solvent in other ways and is used to make other chemicals. Trichloroethylene can also be found in some household products, including typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. Most people can begin to smell trichloroethylene in air when there are around 100 parts of trichloroethylene per million parts of air (ppm).

EPDM: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (or Terpolymer which is simply a product consisting of three distinct monomers). EPDM is classified as a Thermoset material which means it is either fully-cured prior to being installed or that it cures during natural weathering after installation. EPDM roofs are single-ply membranes meaning there is only one ply of roofing material, not multiple plies laminated together. 

EPDM has been in use on roofs in the USA since the 1960's and is one of the most common types of low-slope roofing materials. This is because it is relatively inexpensive, simple to install, and fairly clean to work with when compared to conventional built-up roofs. There aren't the odors and fumes that accompany built-up roofs which appeals to many property owners and managers.

EPDM is a rubber material whose principal components consist of the compounds ethylene and propylene. A flexible rubber matrix forms when a small amount of diene is added to the mix. EPDM is available reinforced or unreinforced with both commonly used; it's also available in either a cured (vulcanized) or uncured (non-vulcanized) state. Vulcanized EPDM is the most common with non-vulcanized often used for flashing purposes.  

EPDM membrane thickness ranges from thirty mils (0.030") to one-hundred mils (0.100") with the most common thicknesses being forty-five mils (0.045") and sixty mils (0.060"). There are three standard application procedures: (1) fully-adhered; (2) mechanically-fastened; (3) loose-laid.   Fully-adhered EPDM uses water or solvent-based adhesives to adhere the rubber to the substrate. Mechanically-fastened EPDM is attached by manufacturer-approved mechanical means to the substrate, and loose-laid membranes are secured only at the perimeters and any penetrations. A ballast of round river rock or concrete pavers is used to hold the materials in place. River rock is usually installed at a rate of 1000 - 1200 pounds per roof square (100 square feet) and the pavers generally weigh approximately 20 pounds per square foot. Structural integrity is important with loose-laid roof systems. The seams of all systems are then sealed using either an adhesive or a splice tape. Splice tapes have tested with a higher tear-strength

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